The graph below shows a graph of the function \(A(t) = A \sin(2\pi f t + \phi)\).
where \(f\) is the frequency in \(Hz\) of the wave, and is related to the time period of the wave by \(T = f^{-1}\); \(t\) is time in seconds, and \(\phi\) is the phase angle in radians. The phase angle \(\phi\) is related to the time delay of the signal \(\tau\) by the relation \(\tau = \frac{\phi}{2 \pi f}\). The blue (phase-shifted) complex number plotted on the phasor diagram is given by \(z = e^{i\phi}\).
The red waveform shows the input before phase shift, and the blue waveform shows the input after phase shift.